The slogan "Frieden und Brot" (peace and bread) was raised showing that the sailors and workers demanded not only the release of the imprisoned but also the end of the war and the improvement of food provisions. This call was heeded by several thousand people on the afternoon of 3 November with workers' representatives also being present. Led by the sailor Karl Artelt, who worked in the repair ship yard for torpedo boats in Kiel-Wik and by the mobilized shipyard worker Lothar Popp, both USPD members, the sailors called for a large meeting the following day at the same place. Thereupon the Union House was closed by police, leading to an even larger joint open-air meeting on 2 November, at the large drill ground (Großer Exerzierplatz). The sailors were now looking for closer ties to the unions, the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and the SPD. Delegations, sent to their officers requesting the mutineers' release, were not heard. Some 250 met in the evening of 1 November in the Union House in Kiel. The sailors and stokers were now pulling out all the stops to prevent the fleet from setting sail again and to achieve the release of their comrades. In Holtenau (end of the canal in Kiel) they were brought to the Arrestanstalt (the military prison in Kiel) and to Fort Herwarth in the north of Kiel. While moving through the Kiel Canal he had 47 sailors from the Markgraf, who were seen as the ringleaders, imprisoned. When it "functioned perfectly (tadellos funktionierte)" he believed he was master of his crews again. The squadron commander Vizeadmiral Hugo Kraft exercised a maneuver with his battleships in the Heligoland Bight. Sculpture in Kiel to remember the 1918 sailors' mutiny. During the remaining months of the war secret sailors' councils were formed on a number of the capital ships. Two of the ringleaders were executed by firing squad while others were sentenced to prison. On 2 August 1917, 350 crewmen of the dreadnought Prinzregent Luitpold staged a protest demonstration in Wilhelmshaven. The discipline and spirit of those who remained, on lower rations, with the battleships tied up at dock-side inevitably suffered. Many officers and crewmen had volunteered to transfer to the submarines and light vessels which still had a major part to play in the war. Morale in the High Seas Fleetįollowing the Battle of Jutland, the capital ships of the Imperial Navy had been confined to inactive service in harbor. The most prominent and highest-ranking was Philipp Scheidemann, a prominent leader of the SPD as undersecretary without portfolio. In his cabinet the Social Democrats (SPD) also took on responsibility. On 3 October, the Kaiser appointed Prince Maximilian of Baden as the new Imperial Chancellor. Kaiser Wilhelm II was advised to request the Entente Cordiale for an immediate cease fire and put the government on a democratic footing, hoping for more favorable peace terms. 6 Aftermath: German Revolution of 1918–19īy September 1918, Germany's military situation was close to hopeless.Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more. From tech to household and wellness products.
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